George Mason University

Geology and Earth Science, PhD

The Geology and Earth Science, PhD degree program prepares students with advanced knowledge and skills to analyze the structure, composition, and evolution of the Earth, the history of life the Earth supports, and the processes that govern the formation and behavior of the Earth's landforms and materials. The program trains students in the observation, measurement, and analysis of Earth's systems: the hydrosphere (i.e., bodies of water), the lithosphere (i.e., solid matter), and the atmosphere. The program focuses on the interrelationships of these systems and their interactions with the biosphere (i.e., Earth’s living matter). Graduates of the program will be able to perform independent research, supervise the work of technicians, and coordinate work with other scientists, both in the field and in the lab. Graduates will be prepared for research and development of natural resources, such as petroleum and critical minerals. Graduates also will be able to teach undergraduates and graduate students at community colleges, colleges, and universities.

The program combines study in the disciplines of both geology and Earth science. Geology, the more traditional term for this area of study, is the study of the present and ancient Earth from the perspective of the rock record. The study of Earth science is inclusive of geology, but also encompasses study of present-day Earth processes, including those involving the atmosphere, oceans, and freshwater systems. Geologists and Earth scientists must be educated and trained in the use of a wide variety of tools. In the field, geoscientists use hammers and chisels to collect rock samples and also use ground-penetrating radar equipment to search for Earth resources. In the lab, X-rays and electron microscopes are used to determine the chemical and physical composition of rock samples. Remote sensing equipment is used to collect data, and geographic information systems and modeling software are used to analyze the data collected. The program is designed to provide students with training in the use and analysis of these tools and technologies.

The field of geology and Earth science is broad, giving it significant impact in several areas relevant to the economic health of society. Rapid advances in the field are occurring in four critical areas. First, geologic hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, and coastal threats from rising sea level are increasing. Second, characterizing the Earth’s climate and global habitability across geologic time is essential to gauge the impacts of current and future climate change. Third, exploration for new mineral resources for emerging technologies and commodities is essential to fuel these industries. Fourth, providing authoritative stewardship for effective planet protection and sustainability is critical for the future well-being of humanity.

The Geology and Earth Science PhD degree program responds to the increasing need for geologists and Earth scientists with advanced education and training to understand and adapt to geological hazards, apply the history of climate change to present and future climate changes, and explore for new Earth, mineral, and energy resources.